Cov duab muaj rau rub tawm ntawm MIT Press Office lub vev xaib yog muab rau cov koom haum tsis yog lag luam, xovxwm, thiab cov pej xeem raws li Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative License.Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov cov duab muab, tsuas yog muab lawv rau hauv tsim nyog loj.Credit yuav tsum tau siv thaum luam cov duab;Yog tias tsis muab hauv qab no, credit "MIT" rau cov duab.
MIT engineers tau tsim cov hlau nplaum zoo li cov neeg hlau uas muaj peev xwm txav tau los ntawm txoj kev nqaim, winding, xws li lub hlwb labyrinthine vasculature.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov xov tooj neeg hlau no tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis endovascular uas twb muaj lawm, tso cai rau cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem coj tus neeg hlau los ntawm tus neeg mob lub hlwb cov hlab ntsha los kho cov hlab ntsha thiab qhov txhab sai sai, xws li cov uas tshwm sim hauv aneurysms thiab strokes.
"Stroke yog qhov thib tsib ua rau tuag thiab ua rau muaj kev tsis taus nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Yog tias mob stroke tuaj yeem kho tau hauv thawj 90 feeb lossis yog li ntawd, tus neeg mob txoj sia nyob yuav zoo dua qub, "hais tias MIT Mechanical Engineering thiab Zhao Xuanhe, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm pej xeem thiab ib puag ncig engineering, hais tias. thaiv thaum lub sijhawm 'prime time' no, peb tuaj yeem zam kev puas hlwb mus tas li.Nov yog peb txoj kev cia siab. "
Zhao thiab nws pab neeg, suav nrog tus thawj coj sau Yoonho Kim, tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav hauv MIT Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Tshuab, piav qhia txog lawv cov neeg hlau mos mos tsim hnub no hauv phau ntawv Journal Science Robotics.Lwm tus kws sau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv yog MIT kawm tiav tub ntxhais kawm German Alberto Parada thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj xyuas. Shengduo Liu.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov ntshav txhaws los ntawm lub hlwb, cov kws kho mob feem ntau ua kev phais mob endovascular, ib txoj kev ua kom tsawg tsawg uas tus kws phais tau ntxig cov xov nyias los ntawm tus neeg mob cov hlab ntsha loj, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ceg lossis puab tsaig.Raws li kev taw qhia fluoroscopic, uas siv X-rays ib txhij. duab cov hlab ntsha, tus kws phais ces manually rotates cov hlau mus rau hauv lub hlwb puas cov hlab ntsha.Lub catheter muaj peev xwm ces kis tau raws li cov hlau xa cov tshuaj los yog clot retrieval ntaus ntawv mus rau lub cheeb tsam.
Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev xav tau, Kim tau hais tias, thiab xav kom cov kws phais mob tshwj xeeb kom tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob rov ua dua ntawm fluoroscopy.
Kim tau hais tias "Nws yog ib qho kev txawj xav tau heev, thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj cov kws phais mob txaus los pab cov neeg mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv suburban lossis nyob deb nroog," Kim hais.
Kev kho mob cov txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv xws li cov txheej txheem yog passive, txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tau manipulated manually, thiab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ib tug hlau alloy core thiab coated nrog ib tug polymer, uas Kim hais tias muaj peev xwm tsim kev sib txhuam thiab kev puas tsuaj rau hauv ob sab phlu ntawm cov hlab ntsha. qhov chaw nruj.
Pab neeg no pom tau hais tias kev txhim kho hauv lawv qhov chaw kuaj mob tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov txheej txheem endovascular, ob qho tib si hauv kev tsim cov ntawv qhia thiab txo cov kws kho mob raug cuam tshuam rau cov hluav taws xob cuam tshuam.
Ob peb xyoos dhau los, pab pawg tau tsim kev txawj ntse hauv hydrogels (cov ntaub ntawv biocompatible feem ntau yog ua los ntawm dej) thiab 3D luam ntawv magneto-actuated cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem tsim los nkag, dhia thiab txawm ntes pob, tsuas yog ua raws li cov lus qhia hlau nplaum.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ke lawv cov hauj lwm ntawm hydrogels thiab sib nqus actuation los tsim ib tug magnetically steerable, hydrogel-coated neeg hlau hlau, los yog guidewire, uas lawv muaj peev xwm ua nyias txaus rau magnetically coj cov hlab ntsha los ntawm lub neej-loj silicone replica hlwb. .
Cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov hlau hlau yog ua los ntawm cov nickel-titanium alloy, los yog "nitinol," ib yam khoom uas yog ob qho tib si khoov tau thiab elastic. Tsis zoo li cov hangers, uas khaws lawv cov duab thaum khoov, nitinol hlau rov qab los rau nws cov qauv qub, muab ntau dua. yooj yooj yim thaum qhwv nruj, tortuous hlab ntsha.Cov pab pawg coated cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv cov roj hmab muab tshuaj txhuam, los yog number case, thiab embedded magnetic hais nyob rau hauv nws.
Thaum kawg, lawv tau siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg uas lawv tau tsim yav dhau los rau lub tsho tiv no thiab khi cov hlau nplaum sib nqus nrog hydrogel-cov khoom siv uas tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib nqus hauv qab, thaum tseem muab cov khoom sib nqus, tsis muaj kev sib txhuam, biocompatible nto.
Lawv tau ua kom pom qhov tseeb thiab ua kom cov neeg hlau xaim los ntawm kev siv cov hlau nplaum loj (zoo li tus menyuam roj hmab txoj hlua) los coj cov hlau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub voj me me, nco txog cov xaim hla lub qhov muag ntawm rab koob.
Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau sim cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub neej-loj silicone replica ntawm lub hlwb cov hlab ntsha loj, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha, uas ua rau CT scans ntawm tus neeg mob lub hlwb.Cov pab pawg tau ntim cov thawv silicone nrog cov kua uas ua rau cov ntshav viscosity. , ces manually manipulated loj hlau nplaum nyob ib ncig ntawm tus qauv coj tus neeg hlau los ntawm lub thawv winding, nqaim txoj kev.
Robotic threads tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo, Kim hais tias, txhais tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ntxiv - piv txwv li, xa cov tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav txhaws lossis rhuav tshem cov blockages nrog lasers.Yuav ua kom pom qhov kawg, pab pawg tau hloov cov xov 'nitinol cores nrog optical fibers thiab pom tias. lawv muaj peev xwm magnetically coj tus neeg hlau thiab qhib lub laser ib zaug nws mus txog rau lub hom phiaj.
Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb piv cov hydrogel-coated neeg hlau hlau nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj hlau, lawv pom tias hydrogel muab cov hlau uas xav tau kev nplua ntau dua, tso cai rau nws txav mus los ntawm qhov chaw nruj dua yam tsis tas yuav daig. Hauv cov txheej txheem endovascular, cov cuab yeej no yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab kev puas tsuaj rau hauv ob sab phlu ntawm lub nkoj raws li cov xov dhau.
Kyujin Cho, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm engineering engineering ntawm Seoul National University tau hais tias "Ib qho kev sib tw hauv kev phais yog muaj peev xwm hla cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb uas muaj qhov me me uas cov catheters ua lag luam tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag,"“Qhov kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog yuav ua li cas kov yeej qhov kev nyuaj no.muaj peev xwm thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem phais hauv lub hlwb yam tsis muaj kev phais qhib. "
Cov xov hlau tshiab no tiv thaiv cov kws phais mob los ntawm hluav taws xob li cas?Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib nqus hlau nplaum tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov kws phais neeg txhawm rau thawb cov hlau mus rau hauv tus neeg mob cov hlab ntsha, Kim hais tias.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus kws kho mob tsis tas yuav tsum nyob ze tus neeg mob thiab , tseem ceeb tshaj, fluoroscope uas tsim hluav taws xob.
Nyob rau yav tom ntej, nws xav txog kev phais mob endovascular suav nrog cov cuab yeej sib nqus uas twb muaj lawm, xws li cov hlau nplaum loj, tso cai rau cov kws kho mob nyob sab nraum chav ua haujlwm, deb ntawm fluoroscopes uas cov duab cov neeg mob lub hlwb, lossis txawm nyob hauv qhov chaw sib txawv kiag li.
"Cov platforms uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem siv cov hlau nplaum rau tus neeg mob thiab ua fluoroscopy tib lub sijhawm, thiab tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tswj cov hlau nplaum nrog lub joystick hauv lwm chav, lossis txawm nyob hauv lwm lub nroog," Kim hais. siv cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej los sim peb cov xov tooj neeg hlau hauv vivo. "
Cov nyiaj pab rau kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Naval, MIT's Soldier Nanotechnology Institute, thiab National Science Foundation (NSF).
Motherboard reporter Becky Ferreira sau tias MIT cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov xov hlau uas tuaj yeem siv los kho cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha.Robots tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov tshuaj lossis lasers uas "tuaj yeem xa mus rau thaj chaw teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb.Hom kev siv thev naus laus zis tsawg tsawg no kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm paj hlwb xws li mob stroke. "
Cov kws tshawb fawb MIT tau tsim cov xov tshiab ntawm magnetron robotics uas tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv tib neeg lub hlwb, Smithsonian tus kws sau xov xwm Jason Daley sau tias "Yav tom ntej, nws tuaj yeem taug kev los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb los pab tshem tawm cov blockages," piav qhia Daly.
TechCrunch tus kws sau xov xwm Darrell Etherington sau tias MI cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov xov tshiab neeg hlau uas tuaj yeem siv los ua kom lub hlwb phais tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob aneurysms thiab mob stroke. "
Cov kws tshawb fawb MIT tau tsim cov kab hlau nplaum tshiab uas tswj tau neeg hlau uas muaj peev xwm muaj ib hnub tuaj yeem pab ua rau lub hlwb phais tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, ceeb toom New Scientist's Chris Stocker-Walker.Thaum kuaj ntawm tus qauv silicon ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb, "tus neeg hlau tuaj yeem sib tw los ntawm kev nyuaj-rau- ncav cuag cov hlab ntsha. "
Tus kws sau xov xwm Gizmodo Andrew Liszewski sau tias txoj haujlwm tshiab zoo li cov neeg hlau tsim los ntawm MIT cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov blockages thiab cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau mob stroke sai. uas cov kws phais mob feem ntau yuav tsum tau nyiaj, ”Liszewski piav qhia.